แม่แบบ:กล่องข้อมูล โซเดียม
หน้าตา
โซเดียม | |||||||||||||||
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Appearance | โลหะอ่อนสีขาวเงิน | ||||||||||||||
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Na) | |||||||||||||||
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โซเดียม in the periodic table | |||||||||||||||
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Group | group 1: hydrogen and alkali metals | ||||||||||||||
Period | period 3 | ||||||||||||||
Block | s-block | ||||||||||||||
Electron configuration | [Ne] 3s1 | ||||||||||||||
Electrons per shell | 2,8,1 | ||||||||||||||
Physical properties | |||||||||||||||
Phase at STP | ของแข็ง | ||||||||||||||
Melting point | 370.944 K (97.794 °C, 208.029 °F) | ||||||||||||||
Boiling point | 1156.090 K (882.940 °C, 1621.292 °F) | ||||||||||||||
Density (near r.t.) | 0.968 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||
when liquid (at m.p.) | 0.927 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||
Critical point | (extrapolated) 2573 K, 35 MPa | ||||||||||||||
Heat of fusion | 2.60 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||
Heat of vaporization | 97.42 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||
Molar heat capacity | 28.230 J/(mol·K) | ||||||||||||||
Vapor pressure
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Atomic properties | |||||||||||||||
Oxidation states | −1, 0,[2] +1 (a strongly basic oxide) | ||||||||||||||
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 0.93 | ||||||||||||||
Atomic radius | empirical: 186 pm | ||||||||||||||
Covalent radius | 166±9 pm | ||||||||||||||
Van der Waals radius | 227 pm | ||||||||||||||
Spectral lines of โซเดียม | |||||||||||||||
Other properties | |||||||||||||||
Natural occurrence | primordial | ||||||||||||||
Crystal structure | รูปลูกบาศก์กลางตัว | ||||||||||||||
Speed of sound thin rod | 3200 m/s (at 20 °C) | ||||||||||||||
Thermal expansion | 71 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) | ||||||||||||||
Thermal conductivity | 142 W/(m⋅K) | ||||||||||||||
Electrical resistivity | 47.7 n Ω⋅m (at 20 °C) | ||||||||||||||
Magnetic ordering | พาราแมกเนติก[3] | ||||||||||||||
Young's modulus | 10 GPa | ||||||||||||||
Shear modulus | 3.3 GPa | ||||||||||||||
Bulk modulus | 6.3 GPa | ||||||||||||||
Mohs hardness | 0.5 | ||||||||||||||
Brinell hardness | 0.69 MPa | ||||||||||||||
CAS Number | 7440-23-5 | ||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||
Discovery | ฮัมฟรี เดวี (1807) | ||||||||||||||
First isolation | ฮัมฟรี เดวี (1807) | ||||||||||||||
Symbol | "Na": from New Latin natrium, coined from German Natron, 'natron' | ||||||||||||||
Isotopes of โซเดียม | |||||||||||||||
Template:infobox โซเดียม isotopes does not exist | |||||||||||||||
อ้างอิง
- ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Sodium". CIAAW. 2005.
- ↑ The compound NaCl has been shown in experiments to exists in several unusual stoichiometries under high pressure, including Na3Cl in which contains a layer of sodium(0) atoms; see Zhang, W.; Oganov, A. R.; Goncharov, A. F.; Zhu, Q.; Boulfelfel, S. E.; Lyakhov, A. O.; Stavrou, E.; Somayazulu, M.; Prakapenka, V. B.; Konôpková, Z. (2013). "Unexpected Stable Stoichiometries of Sodium Chlorides". Science. 342 (6165): 1502–1505. arXiv:1310.7674. Bibcode:2013Sci...342.1502Z. doi:10.1126/science.1244989. PMID 24357316. S2CID 15298372.
- ↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., บ.ก. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
- ↑ Endt, P. M. (1990). "Energy levels of A = 21–44 nuclei (VII)". Nuclear Physics A. 521: 1–400. Bibcode:1990NuPhA.521....1E. doi:10.1016/0375-9474(90)90598-G.